BASIC ELEMENT OF MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE

Hello peeps, today is last day for presentation as for next week we will be going for HERITAGE TRAIL at Padang Ipoh.

This week we have a special guess, En Jamri, Penyelaras bilik TECC, daripada Jabatan Kejuruteraan Elekrik. 

The topic for today's presentation is; BASIC ELEMENT OF MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE with the very last presenter;

• HAIKAL
• HAKIMI
• AZIZI

INDIGENOUS MALAY ARCHITECTURE

`The constituents of Malaysian Architectural Heritage can be divided into 3 major components:  

1) Indigenous Malay Architecture  

2) Malaysian Chinese Architecture  

3) Malaysian Colonial Architecture 

roof

SILANG GUNTING

A forked projection at the apex of the tower roof, called ‘silang gunting’ or gable horns, which used to be seen on many old Malay buildings in different parts of the peninsula but now is very rare. 

These decorative gable horns are recurring feature in tribal buildings in South-east Asia.

SULUR BAYUNG

Sulur means the branch of a locally found creeping plant, the root that grows from the main trunk of a tree or a piece of metal wire.

Sulur bayung refers to a decorative element on the roof.

Found on the 4 corners of a hip roof, either made of a ceramic or cement plaster.

Looks like an image of dragon, but according to craftsman in Kelantan it is called ekor itek.

TUNJUK LANGIT

In terms of functionality, tunjuk langit has no role except for establishing identity.

Widely available in Terengganu and Kelantan.

2 forms ; straight vertical shape (jenis batang) and pumpkin-shaped (jenis bulat).

Jenis batang is formed using a piece of timber in an upright position at the tip of the gable end

Jenis bulat is commonly used on hip or pyramid type of roof.

Positioned at the middle and top of the roof and most are made of carved timber or cement

TIANG GANTUNG

Other names ; buah butung, saka bentung, tiang bunting

Has a round shape looking very similar to bees’ nest

Measuring about 60cm to 100cm mounted on the roof.

Symbol of a construction formwork, just like a gravestone on the tomb.

opening

GUNUNGAN

One of the ancient legacies in Malaysia. 

Ancient malays held on to religious and cultural traditions of Hinduism. Therefore, the tops of their doors are design with gunungan (having motifs of their god’s image).

However, in line with development of islam, the concept of gunungan was still maintained but the gods shaped image motifs were removed and replaced with flora elements.

Widely used at the top of the doors and entrance gate of ancient house and mosque.

TEBUK TEMBUS

Is a wood carving decorations.

Commonly used as wall decorations, door-leaf, and louvered screens in traditional Malay buildings. 

Usually found above the entrance between two different spaces.

Available in the wall for ventilation and natural lighting.

wall

Purpose as a protection from the climate and wild animal and its surrounding, also known as physical boundaries its occupant for privacy.

In this research there are element such as ventilation panel, kekisi angin and corbel

Types of wall arrangement construction :-

Dinding bertindih kasih/sisik mengkuang

- Stack horizontally on top of another (lapped) to allow the excellent weatherproofing

Dinding janda berhias

- Are made of timber panels that are arranged vertically and horizontally in a criss-cross, separated by timber lining forming rectangular segment or panel

Dinding kelarai

- Is made of weaved bamboos in various design in a fine interlacing process using a slice of bamboos.  

Dinding susun sireh

Stack vertically on top of another (lapped)

Popular type of wall used in traditional malay houses 

MALAYSIAN CHINESE ARCHITECTURE

Walls 

Party walls 

The part walls that separate most shophouses from their neighbours

Party walls marked a major shift from traditional timber post-and-beam frame construction of pre-colonial Southeast Asia.

 It’s provide privacy and security and, importantly, to serve as a barrier to the spread of fire in a crowded urban settlement.

ROOF

Overhanging gable roof

Most of heritage Malaysian Chinese building are typically built with pitched roofs covered with orange clay roof tiles.

Its an important shift away from the use of more organic coconut frond thatch (called "attap") in traditional architecture

temple

The Chinese temple roof are shown in the varying styles associated with different geographic regions and in ethnic architectural design.

opening

Louvered shutter

Its is made from timber 

It’s also could control air ventilation with the small hole on the opening.

MALAYSIAN COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE

WALLS

BRICKWALL

The wall system used during colonial period mainly using brick as a main element for wall construction.

Then the bricks are coated with plaster as a finishes.

After rebuilt the newly walls are finished with coloured plaster.

OPENING

ARCH

Vertical curved structure that spans an elevated space and may or may not support the weight above.

Arches have many forms, but falls into three categories which is circular, pointed and parabolic.

Circular arches is used for large span opening while pointed arches used for taller opening.

ROOF

DOMES

The usage of domes in Bangunan Sultan Abdul Samad is because dome means “the kings of all roof”.

Also include 41m clock tower as a major land mark in the city.

 The significance of the dome is used  as a backdrop for National Day Parade.

DECORATION

ARCHES

Venetian Gothic is an architectural style combining use of the Gothic lancet arch

Pilaster is an architectural element in classical architecture used to give the appearance of a supporting column

 For your information, our lecturer, Puan Farhana Ilias has colaborated with Dr. Zainal Azhar to wrote a module for INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY OF ASIA - AR AUGMENTED REALITY EXPERIENCE. Using the technology of AUGMENTED REALITY. 

This picture becomes 3D with the used to application.

Thanks all for today, Thankyou :)